What is the difference between Vanguard S&P 500 and Vanguard S&P 500 ETF?
Both the Vanguard S&P 500 Index Fund and the SPDR S&P 500 ETF track the performance of the S&P 500 index, which represents a broad selection of large-cap U.S. stocks. The key difference lies in their structure: the Vanguard fund is a mutual fund, while the SPDR ETF is an exchange-traded fund.
How Does an S&P 500 ETF Differ from an S&P 500 Index Fund? Both an index ETF and an index mutual fund passively track the S&P 500 index in order to duplicate its return. ETFs trade like stocks on exchanges, while mutual funds can only be traded at the end of each trading day.
The Bottom Line. Both index mutual funds and ETFs can provide investors with broad, diversified exposure to the stock market, making them good long-term investments suitable for most investors. ETFs may be more accessible and easier to trade for retail investors because they trade like shares of stock on exchanges.
Key Takeaways. Investors can buy and sell Vanguard mutual funds and ETFs through any number of brokerage firms and financial advisors. If you buy directly through Vanguard, you may benefit from lower fees, better customer service, and additional product research.
The Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO -1.23%) is a top choice for most index fund investors. Even Warren Buffett recommends it above any other investment. There's a good reason for that. Its low expense ratio and tight index tracking make it a top choice for anyone looking to match the returns of the S&P 500.
Meanwhile, if you only invest in S&P 500 ETFs, you won't beat the broad market. Rather, you can expect your portfolio's performance to be in line with that of the broad market. But that's not necessarily a bad thing. See, over the past 50 years, the S&P 500 has delivered an average annual 10% return.
The Bottom Line. Most Vanguard index mutual funds have a corresponding ETF. The most significant difference between mutual funds and ETFs is how tradable the shares are. ETFs can be bought and sold throughout the day, whereas mutual fund shares price only once per day.
And, in general, ETFs tend to be more tax efficient than index mutual funds. You want niche exposure. Specific ETFs focused on particular industries or commodities can give you exposure to market niches.
Disadvantages of ETFs. Although ETFs are generally cheaper than other lower-risk investment options (such as mutual funds) they are not free. ETFs are traded on the stock exchange like an individual stock, which means that investors may have to pay a real or virtual broker in order to facilitate the trade.
Investing in an S&P 500 fund can instantly diversify your portfolio and is generally considered less risky. S&P 500 index funds or ETFs will track the performance of the S&P 500, which means when the S&P 500 does well, your investment will, too. (The opposite is also true, of course.)
What is the most popular Vanguard ETF?
- Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO).
- Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI).
- Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF (BND).
- Vanguard Total International Stock ETF (VXUS).
- Vanguard FTSE All-World Ex-U.S. ETF (VEU).
- Vanguard Total World Stock ETF (VT).
Vanguard's unique cost structure, the economies of scale it has achieved, and the total number of assets under management (AUM) allow it to offer its ETFs at the lowest cost available in the market. We've listed 10 of the firm's cheapest ETFs by their expense ratio.
- Options commissions.
- Only offers fractional share investing on Vanguard ETFs.
- Active trading platform isn't as robust as competitors.
The goal of the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF is to track the returns of the S&P 500 index. VOO appeals to investors because it's well-diversified and is made up of equities of large corporations—called large-cap stocks.
Is Investing in the S&P 500 Less Risky Than Buying a Single Stock? Generally, yes. The S&P 500 is considered well-diversified by sector, which means it includes stocks in all major areas, including technology and consumer discretionary—meaning declines in some sectors may be offset by gains in other sectors.
Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO)
VOO has a dividend yield of 1.33% and paid $6.41 per share in the past year. The dividend is paid every three months and the last ex-dividend date was Mar 22, 2024.
According to our calculations, a $1000 investment made in February 2014 would be worth $5,971.20, or a gain of 497.12%, as of February 5, 2024, and this return excludes dividends but includes price increases. Compare this to the S&P 500's rally of 178.17% and gold's return of 55.50% over the same time frame.
In 1980, had you invested a mere $1,000 in what went on to become the top-performing stock of S&P 500, then you would be sitting on a cool $1.2 million today.
SPY, VOO and IVV are among the most popular S&P 500 ETFs. These three S&P 500 ETFs are quite similar, but may sometimes diverge in terms of costs or daily returns.
Market risk
The single biggest risk in ETFs is market risk. Like a mutual fund or a closed-end fund, ETFs are only an investment vehicle—a wrapper for their underlying investment. So if you buy an S&P 500 ETF and the S&P 500 goes down 50%, nothing about how cheap, tax efficient, or transparent an ETF is will help you.
Is Vanguard or Fidelity better for ETFs?
While Vanguard stands out with its suite of funds, the brokerage is more limited when it comes to other offerings. However, it does allow investors to trade individual stocks and bonds. Conversely, Fidelity allows clients to invest in individual stocks, bonds, ETFs, options, mutual funds and more.
Passive retail investors often choose index funds for their simplicity and low cost. Typically, the choice between ETFs and index mutual funds comes down to management fees, shareholder transaction costs, taxation, and other qualitative differences.
- Lack of downside protection: There is no floor to losses.
- No choice in the index fund's composition: Cannot add or remove any holdings.
- Can't beat the market: Can only achieve market returns (generally)
Because ETFs are bought and sold on the open market, the sale of shares from one investor to another does not affect the fund. The sale of ETF shares does not require the fund to liquidate its holdings or generate tax implications from capital gains, keeping costs to investors lower.
While indexes may be low cost and diversified, they prevent seizing opportunities elsewhere. Moreover, indexes do not provide protection from market corrections and crashes when an investor has a lot of exposure to stock index funds.
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